Luc Reychler: A Pioneer in Sustainable Peacebuilding Architecture by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030402082
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

7.5 War Versus Peace

With respect to war and peace, the religious approaches could be divided into two main categories: pacifism and just war doctrine (Life and Peace Report 1990). Several varieties of pacifism can be distinguished: optimistic, mainstream and pessimistic (Ceadel 1987). For some, pacifism means an unconditional rejection of participation in armed struggle; for others, it refers to active engagement in peacemaking. Quakers have traditionally devoted themselves to the dismantling of enemy-images and reconciliation. With Gandhi as a source of inspiration, others have developed non-violent peacemaking strategies.

Christianity is contributing to arms control and non-violent conflict resolution through the evolution of the just war tradition and the acceptance of it as its mainstream normative framework for reflecting on problems of war and peace. The ius ad bellum principles (which determine when resort to armed force is morally justified) and the ius in bello principles (which determine what conduct within war is morally acceptable) have significantly influenced current international law. Some analysts consider liberation theology to be a recent but radical variant of this doctrine, even though certain liberation theologians tend to be advocates of non-violence and some are considering it necessary to develop just revolution principles. In Latin America, some theologians of liberation pondered on the use of revolutionary violence, and in South Africa revolutionary second violence was endorsed against the first violence of the Apartheid system. A just war or just revolution discourse is also alive in the Muslim world. Modernist authors have argued that the doctrine of jihad can also be regarded as a theory of bellum justum (Peters 1979). However, the Islamic-Christian National Dialogue Committee in Lebanon declared in 1989 that their respective religions could not be used to justify violence.

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